It all depends if and how you did the backup, because there are multiple ways. For example:
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You can restore the data on Android phones based on the cloud accounts that are available on your phone. On Samsung devices you just have to connect your Samsung account, and the phone will automatically retrieve the data. Of course, you will be asked first.
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You can use an application like SmartSwitch (for Samsung devices as well, but for example) to restore the data, but that implies you've already created a backup in the first place.
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When an Android phone has been reset, the initial configuration will ask you to recover the data, but that implies to use a Google account, a previous one that has been attached to the phone.
Check the manual of your phone to see what are the available restore options, because not all Android phones work in the same way.